General relativity yields the predictions of
black holes and the Big Bang at the origin of our universe. Yet the
“singularities” in these places, mysterious points where the curvature of
space-time seems to become infinite, act as flags that signal the breakdown of
general relativity. As one approaches the singularity at the center of a black
hole, or the Big Bang singularity, the predictions inferred from general
relativity stop providing the correct answers. A more fundamental, underlying
description of space and time ought to take over. If we uncover this new layer
of physics, we may be able to achieve a new understanding of space and time
themselves.
I would like to offer a solution. According to the Simple Explanation
cosmology, our universe is not shaped like a shuttlecock, as current theories propose,
but rather like a donut—a torus. In this case, the Big Bang occurred at the zero point singularity
at the center of the cosmic torus and spread outward not as a sphere or a
shuttlecock, but as an ever-expanding torus. Matter, as it emerges from the
universal torus, forms itself into a steady stream of multi-dimensional toruses
pushing out into the interior of the expanding 3-D donut, never reaching the
edge which continues to grow beyond the reach of matter.
A newly emerging mathematical field called “mirror symmetry”
demonstrates that there are an infinite number of toruses associated with every
apparent object, looping themselves out of our ordinary 3-D space into six neighboring
dimensions. An
article printed in Quantum Magazine describes the “SYZ conjecture” this
way:
In the same way that we can
now explain similarities between very different organisms through elements of a
shared genetic code, mathematicians attempted to explain mirror symmetry by
breaking down symplectic and complex manifolds into a shared set of basic
elements called “torus fibers.”
A
torus is a shape with a hole in the middle. An ordinary circle is a
one-dimensional torus, and the surface of a donut is a two-dimensional torus. A
torus can be of any number of dimensions. Glue lots of lower dimensional tori
together in just the right way, and you can build a higher dimensional shape
out of them.
To take
a simple example, picture the surface of the earth. It is a two-dimensional
sphere. You could also think of it as being made from many one-dimensional
circles (like many lines of latitude) glued together. All these circles stuck
together are a “torus fibration” of the sphere — the individual fibers woven
together into a greater whole.
Here is the illustration of the concept provided
by Quantum Magazine:
The Simple Explanation has always suggested that gravity is
the force felt on the outside of ordinary objects due to presence of unseen
toruses associated with ordinary matter. What the illustration refers to as “Point
Problems” is actually the emergence of gravity. It seems to me that this symplectic
geometry supplies a proof of this concept and, at the same time, resolves physic’s
ongoing conundrum regarding the quantum level activity of black holes and the
originating Bang.
We can imagine a very simple particle of matter as both that
particle that we can see and measure and, at the same time, as a series of torus
fibrations. The fibrations at the poles with
their infinite singularities originate the gravitational force, most of which
occurs in alternate dimensions, but some of which “leaks” into our 3-D space.
In the case of a small particle, the gravitational leakage is correspondingly small.
But, when you aggregate particles into massive structures, the gravitational
leakage becomes large and noticeable, as if the neighboring dimensions were trying
to suck our space time into their dimensions.
The gravitational field around an object increases in
proportion to the number of symplectic torus fibrations associated with the
object’s ordinary matter. The reason gravity does not travel far from its
originating object is because it is physically attached to the structure of the
object—more precisely, to the toruses looping into neighboring dimensions. The
more infinitely large singularities there are on the other side of the object’s
multidimensional formula, the stronger the gravity of the object. The more
aggregated ordinary matter, the more looping toruses.
In other words, gravity does not lead to black holes. Rather,
massive objects produce so many toroidal fibrations of infinite singularities
that the singularities themselves intrude into our 3-D space, revealing
themselves and the toruses associated with them. When these singularities
intrude into ordinary space, we see them in their normal symmetrical geometrical
form as a single torus shape of infinite density and weight—a black hole.
Another conundrum standard physics is wrestling with has to
do with “degrees of freedom.” Why, they wonder, do black holes have fewer
degrees of freedom than ordinary objects? Meaning, why is their gravity only associated
with the 2-dimensional outside surface of the black hole torus?
Since
2011, the Simple Explanation has suggested that gravity emanates from the
exterior shell of the invisible torus wrapping around the exterior of ordinary
matter. In the case of a black hole,
ordinary matter disappears into the center singularity, leaving only the shell
of the symplectic torus to pull at space with its infinite gravitational shell,
which is why the black hole’s gravity appears to be constrained to the surface.
Top view of torus, with yellow arrows representing gravitational
force
I am grateful to Quantum Magazine for running these two recent articles on “Why Gravity Is Not Like the Other Forces” and “Mathematicians Explore Mirror Link Between Two Geometric Worlds.” I believe “mirror symmetry” and the “SZY conjecture” provide the math behind the Simple Explanation’s theory of gravity. In symmetrical fashion, I hope my Simple Explanation will be discovered and considered by mathematicians and physicists struggling with these issues.
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