Astronomers Discover the Milky Way Torus

 I love to say "I told you so"!  Yet another in a long line of scientific discoveries verifies the cosmology of A Simple Explanation of Absolutely Everything. Nice going, scientists! Here's a reprint from SciTech Daily, shared with us by a longtime ASEOAE reader. Thank you, Karl!

Galactic Rings of Power: Astronomers Uncover Massive Magnetic Toroids in the Milky Way Halo

TOPICS:AstronomyAstrophysicsChinese Academy Of SciencesMilky WayPopular

By CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MAY 14, 2024

Magnetic fields in the halo of the Milky Way have a toroidal structure, extending in the radius range of 6000 light-years to 50,000 light-years from the Galaxy center. The Sun is at about 30,000 light-years. Credit: NAOC

Astrophysicists have discovered large magnetic toroids in the Milky Way’s halo, which impact cosmic ray propagation and the physics of interstellar space. Their research, based on extensive Faraday rotation data, reveals that these toroids extend across the galaxy, confirming the presence of significant toroidal magnetic fields.

A long-standing unsolved question at the frontier of astronomy and astrophysics research is the origin and evolution of cosmic magnetic fields. It has been selected as one of the key areas of investigation for many major world-class radio telescopes, including the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) currently under construction. Determining the large-scale magnetic field structures in the Milky Way has been a major challenge for many astronomers in the world for decades.

Discovery of Magnetic Toroids

In a new study published in The Astrophysical Journal on May 10, Dr. Jun Xu and Prof. Jinlin Han from the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC) have revealed huge magnetic toroids in the halo of the Milky Way, which are fundamental for cosmic ray propagation and provide crucially constraint on the physical processes in the interstellar medium and the origin of cosmic magnetic fields.

Prof. Han, a leading scientist in this research field, has determined the magnetic field structures along the spiral arms of the Galactic disk through a long-term project of measuring the polarization of pulsars and their Faraday effects. In 1997, he found a striking anti-symmetry of the Faraday effects of cosmic radio sources in the sky with respect to the coordinates of our Milky Way galaxy, which tells that the magnetic fields in the halo of the Milky Way have a toroidal field structure, with reversed magnetic field directions below and above the Galactic plane.

Challenges in Measuring Magnetic Fields

However, to determine the size of these toroids or the strength of their magnetic fields has been a tough task for astronomers for decades. They suspected that the anti-symmetry of the sky distribution of Faraday effects of radio sources could be produced merely by the interstellar medium in the vicinity of the Sun because pulsars and some nearby radio-emission objects, which are quite near to the Sun, show Faraday effects consistent with anti-symmetry. The key is to show whether or not magnetic fields in the vast Galactic halo had such a toroidal structure outside the vicinity of the Sun.

Innovative Research Methods

In this study, Prof. Han innovatively proposed that the Faraday rotation from the interstellar medium in the vicinity of the Sun could be counted by the measurements of a good number of pulsars, some of which have been obtained recently by the Five-hundred Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) by themself, and then could be subtracted the contribution from the measurements of background cosmic sources. All Faraday rotation measurement data in the past 30 years were collected by Dr. Xu.

Through data analysis, scientists found that the anti-symmetry of the Faraday rotation measurements caused by the medium in the Galactic halo exists in all the sky, from the center to the anti-center of our Milky Way, which implies that the toroidal magnetic fields of such a odd symmetry have a huge size, existing in a radius range from 6000 light-years to 50,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way.

Conclusion and Impact

This study has significantly advanced our understanding of the Milky Way’s physics and marks a milestone in research on cosmic magnetic fields.

Reference: “The Huge Magnetic Toroids in the Milky Way Halo” by J. Xu and J. L. Han, 10 May 2024, The Astrophysical Journal.
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad3a61

A Simple Explanation of Time

Scientific and philosophical orthodoxies have yet to crack the conundrum of time. There is no agreed-upon consensus regarding the nature of time. Time seems to be connected to space and the things that occupy space--it takes a certain amount of time to go from here to there--but unlike space and matter, time has no attributes. You can't find it anywhere, although it seems to be everywhere. You can't look at it, you can't weigh it. You can't collect it into a container. You can't buy or sell it.

Time seems to be peculiarly subjective. The subjective sense of time varies from person to person and from situation to situation. Sometimes it seems to pass quickly; sometimes it seems to go slowly. Its duration seems to change despite the steady ticking of the clocks that measure what we call its passing. Clocks do not actually measure time itself, but rather how long it takes a thing to go from here to there. 

As previously stated, clocks measure how long it takes something to go from here to there. Imagine if there were no objects and you could somehow observe truly empty space. Where would the time be then? Would there be any sense of time other than eternity? I think not.

In the absence of matter, the first distinction of time passing would be "before" and "after," but only in reference to something occurring or arising in that empty space. The Simple Explanation would say the "before" state of timeless eternity would describe the formless ground state of no-thought consciousness, prior to thought, prior to things. The Simple Explanation calls this initial state the "Metaverse."

The Simple Explanation suggests that pure consciousness then had a thought that unfolded our universe. 

This thought and subsequent universe were immediately encapsulated in the form of a 4-dimensional torus. The toroidal container isolates our familiar 3-D universe from the Metaverse, keeping the Metaverse eternal and uncluttered. 

The Simple Explanation calls this container the "Universal Unit of "Consciousness." 

Within this container, time is born, along with space. "After" is separated from "Before" by "Now."

The thought of our Universal Unit of Consciousness is the formulae for all of creation, for it is a whole and complete subset of the infinite and illimitable Metaverse. 

In the same manner a bucket sitting in the sea holds water indistinguishable from the water that lies outside the bucket, so, too, the Universal Unit of Consciousness holds the infinite within its limited space.

The torus is a rotating figure that continually pushes perfect order into our 3-D space from the perfection that lies outside of it. 

The algorithm of creation enters our space through the portal of "here and now" in a highly ordered state.

The order of creation is this: momentary chaos, then metaversal information, then energy, then highly ordered matter. As matter proceeds away from the portal of here and now it becomes less orderly as the residual entropy of chaos affects it.

The Simple Explanation states that every thing, every piece of "material," comes into our universe with its very own unit of consciousness (UC) that governs the behavior of that piece of matter. From particles on up, every piece of material in our universe "knows" how to do its job because it is a fractal of the universal unit of consciousness, and the universal UC knows all there is to know about creation because it holds all the formulae. 

It is through consciousness and information that our material universe is formed. In the case of an atom, its unit of consciousness (UC) needs to know how to reach out to other atoms and bond to form molecules. Molecules know how to bond to form elements. Organelles know how to bond to form cells. Cells know how to bond to form organs. Organs bond to form creatures. And so on. Each UC only needs to know how to do its own job. 

What's all of this got to do with time? The units of consciousness that enter through the portal of here and now to become the material of our universe not only bring the information they need to fill their material slot and do their jobs, they bring along a finite piece of eternity. This finite bit of eternity is what we experience as time. 

In other words:

Time is the 4-D universal torus pushing eternity through the portal of here and now into our confined 3-D space. 

This bears repeating: 

Time is the 3-D projection of eternity passing through through a hyperspatial torus. 

Now let's revisit the bucket of ocean water analogy: Outside of the bucket lies eternity. The water confined to the bucket is limited. We call the water inside the bucket time. We experience time as a phenomenon of consciousness because consciousness is passing from one location in the bucket's space to the another.

According to the Simple Explanation, the bucket holds our space-time inside a fractal border that can never be breached. Pure consciousness and the vastness of eternity lie just outside the bucket.

Each unit of consciousness passes one-by-one through the portal of here and now, from infinity into space and from eternity into time.

We are essentially units of consciousness, each with our own personal time manifesting along with our physical bodies. Time is subjective because each unit of consciousness is a subject with its own point of view. 

There is no such thing as objective time. Time is always observed through the consciousness of an observer. Time is a manifestation of eternity, observed through consciousness that has been confined to our 3-D space/time continuum. 

A Simple Explanation of the "Hot Bubble" Around Our Galaxy

The galactic X-ray background is superimposed on an image of infrared sources in this image. The X-rays (white contour lines) were detected by NASA's Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. White knots show very bright X-ray sources, mostly from black hole and neutron stars. | NASA/RXTE-COBE/Revnivtsev et al  

I've been developing the Simple Explanation's cosmology for five years now, here at the Simple Explanation of Absolutely Everything blog. I'm happy to report to you that the various assertions made by the Simple Explanation continue to be upheld by recent scientific discoveries. Now and then I pass these along to you so you can see the Simple Explanation's utility in understanding science.

The image above is a side view of the Milky Way galaxy, showing the galactic X-ray background in red and a number of bright, white X-ray knots. The accompanying article, reprinted below, describes how the red bubble surrounding the plane of the Milky Way was recently proven to exist. 

The Simple Explanation not only predicted this bubble, but further claims there is a bubble surrounding every object in the universe. Conventional astronomers believe the galaxy predated the bubble and that the bubble was created from an extremely powerful explosion near the center of the Milky Way. The Simple Explanation, on the other hand, thinks they've gotten the cart before the horse. According to the Simple Explanation, since its inception, the universe has been riddled with toroidal-shaped vortices of electromagnetic energy. It is the pre-existing torus that pulls particles together to form galaxies, stars, planets, and you-name-it. The gravitational disturbances predate the celestial bodies, they are not the result or by-product of the bodies, but the other way around.

I'd be surprised if astronomers don't find these bubbles everywhere they look, once they begin looking for them. I'll further predict for you right now that the bubbles will be found to be associated with the strange alignment of galactic axes already noted throughout the universe. 

Here's the reprint from today's Huffington Post Science blog, by Joseph Castro:

There's an eerie glow that fills the sky but is visible only to X-ray detectors, and now, scientists have discovered the sources of it.

About 60 percent of the mysterious glow, called the "diffuse X-ray background," comes from X-ray-emitting hot gas located within a large cavity of space that extends out more than 300 light-years from the sun, new research shows. The rest of the glow comes from phenomena within the solar system.

The finding may help scientists better understand the local environment around the sun, researchers say.

Scientists discovered the diffuse X-ray background more than 50 years ago. They later determined that the high-energy X-rays with energies higher than 1 kiloelectronvolt (keV) come from the active cores of other galaxies, but the origin of the low-energy X-rays (0.25 keV) has long been debated. [Strange & Shining: Photos of Mysterious Night Lights]

Initially, astronomers thought the low-energy X-rays in the sky must originate outside the solar system, from a very hot cavity of gas dubbed the "local hot bubble," which likely formed from a supernova explosion that occurred 10 million to 20 million years ago. But in the late 1990s, researchers discovered a phenomenon called the solar-wind charge exchange, which produces 0.25 keV X-rays within the solar system.

Many scientists believed this new X-ray source could explain all of the diffuse X-ray background, thus casting doubt on whether the local hot bubble really exists. "Whether the sun is surrounded by a big bubble or not makes a big difference for our understanding of the structure of the local region of our galaxy," said Massimiliano Galeazzi, a physicist at the University of Miami and lead author of the new study, published yesterday (July 27) in the journal Nature.

Galeazzi and his colleagues set out to see if the sky's low-energy X-rays came from sources inside or outside of the solar system. "Basically, what we needed to find was a way to identify one source from the other," Galeazzi told Live Science. "What is something that is particular to the solar-wind charge exchange to separate it from the local bubble emission?"

The sun produces a continuous stream of charged particles called the solar wind. When these particles collide with hydrogen and helium atoms in the solar system, the atoms absorb the electrons and release X-rays — this is the solar-wind charge exchange. But unlike with the local hot bubble, there is a seasonal variation to the X-rays produced from the solar-wind charge exchange.

As the sun moves through the galaxy, hydrogen and helium atoms from the interstellar medium — the region of space between star systems — enter the solar system. The helium atoms form a kind of high-density tail, or trailing cone behind the sun, from the movement. This results in a correspondingly higher X-ray production from the solar wind. During December, Earth is downstream of this tail; by analyzing the X-ray production of the cone, scientists can determine how much the solar-wind charge exchange contributes to the overall diffuse X-ray background that's recorded by an all-sky survey of X-rays.

To analyze the signature of the tail, Galeazzi needed a special X-ray detector not used in traditional satellites. He and his colleagues refurbished and modernized a detector last used in the 1970s to map the soft X-ray sky, and used a rocket to launch it into Earth's atmosphere for 5 minutes.

They compared their data with old readings from the now-defunct ROSAT satellite, which produced an all-sky map of 0.25 keV X-rays in the 1990s. They found that the solar-wind charge exchange contributed about 40 percent of the X-rays in the ROSAT survey.

"The rest must come from the local bubble," Galeazzi said. "What is important is that we now know that within the galaxy, these bubbles exist, and they contribute to the structure of our local region in the galaxy."

Nested Rainbow Slinky Torus

Wow. Here's a pretty torus sculpture Gary and I just created.

Nested rainbow Slinky torus

Step one involves bending the Slinky around into a torus and securing the torus with a plastic connector. Figured that part out about a year ago.

This morning we took three different-sized Slinky's and stacked them.

Sorry this is sideways--can't get the darned picture to stay flipped!

Then we pushed the top two Slinky's down into the large rainbow-colored Slinky. Voila! Triple nested Slinky torus!

Nested Slinky torus sculpture by Cyd and Gary Ropp

There is a third Slinky nested inside the center. From the top it looks very much like a flower.

Here's a very cool one-minute video that shows all three Slinky's.

You would think that the Slinky toruses would have a difficult time nesting into each other, but the opposite is the case. It threaded itself perfectly as it clicked easily into place. You try it!

Three nested slinky's from the top.

I put the camera up against the outside Slinky and it looks like you're inside a giant torus! Magical!

NASA Illustrates Galactic Plane in Super Massive Black Hole--It's a Torus!

Credit: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss

The Simple Explanation cosmological theory hypothesizes that there is a torus shape associated with all material forms in our universe. Comparing my chalk drawing below with NASA's illustration above shows that the galactic plane sitting inside a super massive black hole is the same location as the horizontal plane that bisects a torus.

Torus pole runs up and down the funnels, torus plane cuts the torus in two horizontally.
Chalk drawing by Cyd Ropp

Conventional astronomy readily identifies black holes as vortices. The Simple Explanation theory further proposes that these black hole vortices are simply the funnels of toruses scattered throughout the universe. Wherever black hole vortices are identified, it is easy enough to imagine that there is also an associated torus that is not necessarily seen.

Here's another NASA illustration of a black hole. You can see they are imagining the torus. See how the torus looks like the torus in the chalk drawing above?

In the following illustration and its accompanying description, NASA mentions the associated torus of dust.

Chandra X-Ray Observatory provided this composite X-ray (blue and green) and optical (red) image of the active galaxy NGC 1068 showing gas blowing away in a high-speed wind from the vicinity of a central supermassive black hole. Regions of intense star formation in the inner spiral arms of the galaxy are highlighted by both optical and x-ray emissions. A doughnut shaped cloud of cool gas and dust surrounding the black hole, known as the torus, appears as the elongated white spot . It has a mass of about 5 million suns and is estimated to extend from within a few light years of the black hole out to about 300 light years.

NASA Identifier: MSFC-0301628  Read more: http://www.dvidshub.net/image/751601/wind-and-reflections-black-hole-galaxy-ngc-1068#.UqYWwtiA200#ixzz2n0UCgvND

The difference between the way science currently thinks of these toruses and the way I think of them is this: astronomers think the torus is a by-product of the black holes, whereas I think the black hole vortices are the funnels of the torus shape. It's a cart-before-the-horse situation. A "which came first, the chicken or the egg?" situation. In other words, I am suggesting the dust clouds, the galactic planes, and the black holes vortices are really associated with the torus, which is the primordial shape. The black hole is the center of the torus. The vortices are the torus funnels. The galactic plane is the toroidal plane, and that is precisely why the matter accumulates there.

 

Do you see what I'm saying?

 

Danielle's Virtual Toroidal Universe--Video

A student named Danielle Battaglia has completed a senior thesis project at the University of Michigan's School of Design. Using the MIDEN at the university's 3-D Lab, Danielle mapped the known universe onto a torus, thereby modelling our toroidal-shaped universe for us. Way to go, Danielle!

Here's the link to the video walk-through of the toroidal universe.



Integrative Project: Danielle Battaglia from UM Stamps School of Art & Design on Vimeo.

(Thanks to Simple Explanation blog follower and artiste extraordinare, Jesus Olmo, for forwarding this link to me.)